should

aux v

• ①[用于各人称]1[表义务、责任]应该,应当,理应(★意义比ought to或must弱,所表达的劝告常多于义务)2[在表遗憾、惊讶、必要、应当等的主要子句所接的that子句中使用](★现在常有不用should而用直说法者)3[在表命令、要求、主张、决定、动议、意向的主要子句所接的that子句中使用](★【口】多半不用should)4[与why, how连用,以表惊奇、不可理解等]5[用于条件句以表可能性极小的假设]6[用于让步子句]纵使,即使7[未来可能的事或期待]或许…;总会…8[用在lest之后的子句中]
  • You should be more careful.你应当更小心。
  • You shouldn't do that.你不应该做那件事。
  • You should have seen the movie.你本来应当去看这部电影(要是看了就好了)。
  • You shouldn't have done that.你不该做出那种事(★should have+p.p.表示该做而未做, shouldn't have+p.p.则表示不该做但已做了)。
  • It is a pity that he should resign.可惜他竟然辞职。
  • It is not necessary that you should go there.你用不着到那里去。
  • It's odd [surprising] that you should mention it.你竟然提到那件事,真奇怪[令人惊奇]。
  • I wonder that person like him should make such a blunder.想不到像他这种人还会犯这样的错误。
  • It is natural that he should have refused her invitation.他拒绝她的邀请是理所当然的。
  • It was proposed that we should go at once.有人提议我们立刻去。
  • I insist that he should go.我坚持他去。
  • Why should he help you?为什么他帮助你?
  • There is no reason why scientists should not write novels.没有理由说科学家不可写小说。
  • If it should rain, he would [will] not come.万一下雨,他就不会来(★结果子句用will而不用would时,表示讲话者觉得假设内容的可能性比较大)。
  • Should he [If he should] be given another chance, he will [would] succeed.如果再给他一次机会,他会成功。
  • Even if he should fail, I would [will] still respect him.纵使他失败了,我还是尊敬他。
  • If I should fail, I will [would] not be discouraged.就是失败,我也不会灰心。
  • He should come by five o'clock, I think.我想他五点钟以前总会来的。
  • He studied hard lest he should fail in the examination.他努力读书惟恐考试不及格(★【美】通常不用should而用假设法的动词原形: He tried his best lest he be a failure.他尽了最大努力以免成为一个失败者)。

• ② 1[依时态的关系,按shall的各义使用于从属子句]2[间接引述中的should, would原则上来自直接引述中的shall, should, will, would]
  • I knew that I should soon get quite well.我知道我会很快地康复。
  • She decided that her daughter should marry Tom.她决定将女儿嫁给汤姆。
  • [單純未來]He said that he should get there before dark.他说在天黑以前他会到那里(★可改写为He said, "I shall get there before dark.")。
  • [意志未來]I asked if I should bring him a chair.我问要不要给他拿一把椅子来(★可改写为I said, "Shall I bring you a chair?")。
  • I asked him if [whether] the man should come.我问他要不要那个人来(★可改写为I said to him, "Shall the man come?")。

• ③[假设的结果子句中should随人称所发生的意义上的变化悉同shall]1[单纯未来]2[意志未来]
  • If you were to fail again, I should feel very sorry.如果你再失败,我会感到非常遗憾。
  • If it had not been for your advice, I should have failed in the business.没有你的忠告,我的生意就失败了。
  • If it were possible, he should have the answer today.如果可能的话,他今天就可以获得答复。

• ④[使条件子句的内容成为言外之意的婉转表达法](是我的话)就会…
  • She's over thirty, I should think.我想她过了三十岁了。
  • It is not very hard, I should say.大概不致于太难吧。