hard

/hɑːd//hɑːrd/

★★★★★adj.

hard
harder
hardest

adj

① 坚硬的;坚固的,坚牢的(←→soft);【货币】硬币的
- The bed was so hard that she couldn't sleep.那床硬得她无法睡觉。
- hard rubber硬橡胶
- get [become] hard变硬
- She boiled the eggs hard.她把蛋煮得很硬。

② 结实的,强壮的;(见识等)健全的
- a hard constitution强壮的体格
- hard common sense健壮的常识

③ 激烈的,猛烈的;过度的
- a hard blow猛击
- a hard fight苦斗
- hard drinking酗酒

④ 困难的,艰深的,辛苦的,难做的(←→easy)
- German is very hard [a very hard language].德语很难[是一种很难的语言]。
- hard work辛苦的工作
- a hard saying难懂的话;难以遵守的格言
- hard times不景气(的时期)
- hard words难字
- She had a hard time when her parents died.她父母死的时候,她受了苦。
- The mountain is hard to climb.那座山不好爬(★可改写为It's hard to climb the mountain.)。
- She is hard to please.她很难取悦。
- I found it hard to make friends.我觉得很难交朋友。
- This question is too hard for her.这个问题对她来说是太难了。

⑤ (气质、性格、行为等)激烈的,严厉的,残酷的,无情的
- a hard bargain不讲情面的交易
- hard dealing虐待
- hard facts无法否认的事实
- a hard law严厉的法律
- a hard look [eye]可怕[凶巴巴]的脸[眼光]
- He was hard on his children.他待他子女很凶。
- His father's death was hard on him.他的父亲去世使他非常难过。
- hard words难堪的话,坏话

⑥ 热心的;勤勉的,刻苦的
- He's a very hard worker.他是个很辛勤的工作者[用功者]。
- try [do] one's hardest竭尽力量
- He's hard at work [his studies].他工作[读书]勤勉。

⑦ (天气等)严酷的,险恶的,狂暴的
- a hard winter严冬
- a hard frost严霜
- a hard storm狂风暴雨

⑧ (水)硬质的,硬水的,含有盐分的(←→soft)→hard water

⑨[无比较级](声音等)坚硬的,金属性的;硬音的(有塞音趋向的,如字母c, g在a, o, u之念成[k][g])
- The "c" in "card" is hard.Card中的c是硬音。

⑩ (食物等)简陋的,难吃的;(酒等)发酸的,未成熟的;酒精成分多的→hard drink

⑪ 【口】麻烦的,难应付的;恶性难改的

⑫ (色彩、轮廓等)过于鲜明的;界线分明的

⑬ 【商】(行情等)看涨的,稳定的(←→soft)

adv

① 坚硬地
- The river is frozen hard.河流结冰结得很硬。

② 好不容易地,艰难地,辛苦地,努力地
- He breathes hard.他呼吸得好辛苦。
- The cork draws hard.这瓶塞不容易拔开。
- die hard顽强抵抗;抵抗到底;(习惯等)不易根绝

③ 拼命地;认真地
- try hard尽力而为
- look [gaze, stare] hard at a person目不转睛地注视某人
- He works hard.他努力用功[工作](★参照He hardly works. 他几乎不用功[不工作])。

④ 接近地,紧随地
- hard by近傍
- His son followed hard after him.他的儿子紧跟在他后面。

⑤ 厉害地;激烈地;过度地
- It's raining [snowing] hard.雨[雪]下得很大。
- He was hard hit by the depression.他因不景气受到很大的打击。
- He drinks hard.他酗酒。

字辨

hard: 为一般用语;强调需要肉体及精神上的努力

a hard job [problem]

difficult: 强调需要特别的知识、技术、判断力更甚于肉体上的努力

a difficult study [situation]

字辨

firm: 指组织与构造紧密或结实,因而很快地恢复原形,或不容易拉、折或变形

His arms are firm.

hard: 指厚或坚硬而难以穿透、压缩、拉扯、切割等,但缺少弹性

as hard as an iron plate

solid: 含有firm或hard之意,往往指重的东西或实质的东西

solid block

stiff: 指坚硬而不能折、不能拉

a stiff stick

短语

be hard done by
- ① 受到不公平的待遇
- Many people feel they've been hard done by.很多人觉得他们受到了不公平的待遇。
be hard pressed
- ① 被逼紧;非常忙;困窘<for>
- He was hard pressed for time [money].他的时间紧迫[手头拮据]。
be hard put
- ① 极困难,很为难
- ② 极难(…)
- He was hard put (to it) to explain his behavior.他苦于极难解释他的行为。
- I am hard put to finish my work to time.我要按时做完工作是很难的。
be hard up
- ① 很穷;缺乏;为难
- They are hard up for cash.他们因没有现金而感到为难。
- I'm too hard up to afford a trip abroad.我太穷了,负担不起到海外旅行(的费用)。
go hard with a person
- ① 使某人吃不消
- It will go hard with him if he loses his job.如果他失去他的工作,他将有很大的困难。
hard and fast
- ① 牢固地,结实地
- The yacht was tied up hard and fast.那艘游艇系得很牢回。
hard as nails
- ① (身体)健壮的;(心地)冷酷的
hard as stone
- ① 非常硬,硬如石头
hard of hearing
- ① 重听的,听力不佳的
- I am a trifle hard of hearing.我有点耳聋。
hard upon [on] ...
- ① 紧紧靠近
- hard on the heels of their decision他们一做好决定之后马上…
It will go hard but ...
- ① 除非困难太大,否则…
- It will go hard but he will succeed.除非困难太大,否则他会成功。
the hard way
- ① 劳苦地,孜孜地
- ② 以(苦)经验
- She learned how to make investments the hard way.她吃了苦头才学会如何投资。

同义词

diligentlyadv.努力地
firmadv.坚固地
severelyadv.严重地

acrimonious
alcoholic
arduous
arduously
austere
backbreaking
bitter
bleak
brutal
burdensome
callous
certain
close
closely
cold-blooded
cold-hearted
compassionless
demanding
difficult
difficultly
dour
down-to-earth
effortful
embittered
energetically
exacting
exigent
factual
fiercely
forcefully
forcibly
formidable
frantically
frenziedly
furiously
grim
hard-bitten
hard-boiled
hard-handed
hardened
hardheaded
hardhearted
hardy
harsh
heartless
heavily
heavy
hefty
inarguable
incompressible
incontestable
incontrovertible
indisputable
indubitable
intoxicative
irrefutable
laborious
laboriously
matter-of-fact
near
nearby
nigh
obdurate
objective
onerous
oppressive
positive
powerful
powerfully
practical
pragmatic
pragmatical
prosaic
rancorous
realistic
resentful
rigid
rigorous
rough
rugged
serious
severe
sober
solid
spirituous
stark
stern
stonyhearted
strenuously
strict
strong
sure
tall
taxing
tough
tough-minded
trying
two-fisted
unassailable
undeniable
undisputable
unfeeling
unquestionable
unromantic
unyielding
uphill
vigorously
virulent
weighty

concentrated
firmly
grueling
gruelling
intemperate
intemperately
knockout
operose
punishing
surd
toilsome
unvoiced
voiceless

反义词

easilyadv.容易地
gentlyadv.温和地
lazilyadv.懒惰地
lightlyadv.轻轻地
mildlyadv.温和地

easy
soft
voiced

词汇	hard
释义	hard /hɑːd//hɑːrd/ ★★★★★adj. hard harder hardest adj ① 坚硬的;坚固的,坚牢的(←→soft);【货币】硬币的 The bed was so hard that she couldn't sleep.那床硬得她无法睡觉。 hard rubber硬橡胶 get [become] hard变硬 She boiled the eggs hard.她把蛋煮得很硬。 ② 结实的,强壮的;(见识等)健全的 a hard constitution强壮的体格 hard common sense健壮的常识 ③ 激烈的,猛烈的;过度的 a hard blow猛击 a hard fight苦斗 hard drinking酗酒 ④ 困难的,艰深的,辛苦的,难做的(←→easy) German is very hard [a very hard language].德语很难[是一种很难的语言]。 hard work辛苦的工作 a hard saying难懂的话;难以遵守的格言 hard times不景气(的时期) hard words难字 She had a hard time when her parents died.她父母死的时候,她受了苦。 The mountain is hard to climb.那座山不好爬(★可改写为It's hard to climb the mountain.)。 She is hard to please.她很难取悦。 I found it hard to make friends.我觉得很难交朋友。 This question is too hard for her.这个问题对她来说是太难了。 ⑤ (气质、性格、行为等)激烈的,严厉的,残酷的,无情的 a hard bargain不讲情面的交易 hard dealing虐待 hard facts无法否认的事实 a hard law严厉的法律 a hard look [eye]可怕[凶巴巴]的脸[眼光] He was hard on his children.他待他子女很凶。 His father's death was hard on him.他的父亲去世使他非常难过。 hard words难堪的话,坏话 ⑥ 热心的;勤勉的,刻苦的 He's a very hard worker.他是个很辛勤的工作者[用功者]。 try [do] one's hardest竭尽力量 He's hard at work [his studies].他工作[读书]勤勉。 ⑦ (天气等)严酷的,险恶的,狂暴的 a hard winter严冬 a hard frost严霜 a hard storm狂风暴雨 ⑧ (水)硬质的,硬水的,含有盐分的(←→soft)→hard water ⑨[无比较级](声音等)坚硬的,金属性的;硬音的(有塞音趋向的,如字母c, g在a, o, u之念成[k][g]) The "c" in "card" is hard.Card中的c是硬音。 ⑩ (食物等)简陋的,难吃的;(酒等)发酸的,未成熟的;酒精成分多的→hard drink ⑪ 【口】麻烦的,难应付的;恶性难改的 ⑫ (色彩、轮廓等)过于鲜明的;界线分明的 ⑬ 【商】(行情等)看涨的,稳定的(←→soft) adv ① 坚硬地 The river is frozen hard.河流结冰结得很硬。 ② 好不容易地,艰难地,辛苦地,努力地 He breathes hard.他呼吸得好辛苦。 The cork draws hard.这瓶塞不容易拔开。 die hard顽强抵抗;抵抗到底;(习惯等)不易根绝 ③ 拼命地;认真地 try hard尽力而为 look [gaze, stare] hard at a person目不转睛地注视某人 He works hard.他努力用功[工作](★参照He hardly works. 他几乎不用功[不工作])。 ④ 接近地,紧随地 hard by近傍 His son followed hard after him.他的儿子紧跟在他后面。 ⑤ 厉害地;激烈地;过度地 It's raining [snowing] hard.雨[雪]下得很大。 He was hard hit by the depression.他因不景气受到很大的打击。 He drinks hard.他酗酒。字辨 hard: 为一般用语;强调需要肉体及精神上的努力 a hard job [problem] difficult: 强调需要特别的知识、技术、判断力更甚于肉体上的努力 a difficult study [situation] 字辨 firm: 指组织与构造紧密或结实,因而很快地恢复原形,或不容易拉、折或变形 His arms are firm. hard: 指厚或坚硬而难以穿透、压缩、拉扯、切割等,但缺少弹性 as hard as an iron plate solid: 含有firm或hard之意,往往指重的东西或实质的东西 solid block stiff: 指坚硬而不能折、不能拉 a stiff stick 短语 be hard done by ① 受到不公平的待遇 Many people feel they've been hard done by.很多人觉得他们受到了不公平的待遇。 be hard pressed ① 被逼紧;非常忙;困窘<for> He was hard pressed for time [money].他的时间紧迫[手头拮据]。 be hard put ① 极困难,很为难 ② 极难(…) He was hard put (to it) to explain his behavior.他苦于极难解释他的行为。 I am hard put to finish my work to time.我要按时做完工作是很难的。 be hard up ① 很穷;缺乏;为难 They are hard up for cash.他们因没有现金而感到为难。 I'm too hard up to afford a trip abroad.我太穷了,负担不起到海外旅行(的费用)。 go hard with a person ① 使某人吃不消 It will go hard with him if he loses his job.如果他失去他的工作,他将有很大的困难。 hard and fast ① 牢固地,结实地 The yacht was tied up hard and fast.那艘游艇系得很牢回。 hard as nails ① (身体)健壮的;(心地)冷酷的 hard as stone ① 非常硬,硬如石头 hard of hearing ① 重听的,听力不佳的 I am a trifle hard of hearing.我有点耳聋。 hard upon [on] ... ① 紧紧靠近 hard on the heels of their decision他们一做好决定之后马上… It will go hard but ... ① 除非困难太大,否则… It will go hard but he will succeed.除非困难太大,否则他会成功。 the hard way ① 劳苦地,孜孜地 ② 以(苦)经验 She learned how to make investments the hard way.她吃了苦头才学会如何投资。同义词 diligentlyadv.努力地 firmadv.坚固地 severelyadv.严重地 acrimonious alcoholic arduous arduously austere backbreaking bitter bleak brutal burdensome callous certain close closely cold-blooded cold-hearted compassionless demanding difficult difficultly dour down-to-earth effortful embittered energetically exacting exigent factual fiercely forcefully forcibly formidable frantically frenziedly furiously grim hard-bitten hard-boiled hard-handed hardened hardheaded hardhearted hardy harsh heartless heavily heavy hefty inarguable incompressible incontestable incontrovertible indisputable indubitable intoxicative irrefutable laborious laboriously matter-of-fact near nearby nigh obdurate objective onerous oppressive positive powerful powerfully practical pragmatic pragmatical prosaic rancorous realistic resentful rigid rigorous rough rugged serious severe sober solid spirituous stark stern stonyhearted strenuously strict strong sure tall taxing tough tough-minded trying two-fisted unassailable undeniable undisputable unfeeling unquestionable unromantic unyielding uphill vigorously virulent weighty concentrated firmly grueling gruelling intemperate intemperately knockout operose punishing surd toilsome unvoiced voiceless 反义词 easilyadv.容易地 gentlyadv.温和地 lazilyadv.懒惰地 lightlyadv.轻轻地 mildlyadv.温和地 easy soft voiced
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